Archie hit 44 in the first innings for Somerset after opening the batting for the home side in Taunton. On Day 2 of the match, he picked all three Surrey wickets, including that of England internationals Rory Burns and Dom Sibley.
Surrey, however, survived the early wickets to reach Stumps at 169 for 3.
Archie Vaughan added three more wickets to his tally on Wednesday, bowling tight lines and beating both edges on multiple occasions. The tall off-spinner finished with figures of six for 102 after bowling 37 overs, seven of which were maidens. He forged a lethal combination with left-arm spinner Jack Leach, who picked up four wickets, including that of overseas batter Shakib Al Hasan.
Surrey were able to take the first-innings lead, thanks to Tom Curran's rearguard action.
The all-rounder hit 86 off just 75 balls against the second-placed Somerset.